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Objectives and policies of financial risk management

Notes to the financial statements
27.1 Risk related to raw material and petroleum product prices     
Open commodity swaps as at December 31st 2017:
Type of contractUnderlying indexValuation periodAmount in tonnes in the valuation periodFair value measurement
Financial assetsFinancial liabilities
Commodity swap3.5 PCT Barges FOB RotterdamIII’2018 – VI’201911187734.7-
Commodity swapGasoil 0.1 pct Crg CIF NWE_ARAIII’2018 – VI’2019(10 339)--3.8
Total34.7-3.8
Open commodity swaps as at December 31st 2016
Type of contractUnderlying indexValuation periodAmount in tonnes in the valuation periodFair value measurement
Financial assetsFinancial liabilities
Commodity swap3.5 PCT Barges FOB RotterdamIII 2017 - XI 201818152658.5-4.8
Commodity swapGasoil 0.1 pct Crg CIF NWE_ARAIII 2017 - XI 2018-162010.2-6.6
Commodity swapULSD 10 ppm CIF NWEIV 2017-16050--7
Total58.7-18.4
As at December 31st 2017, the Group had no open commodity options.
 
Open commodity options as at December 31st 2016
Type of contractUnderlying indexValuation periodAmount in tonnes in the valuation periodFair value measurement
Financial assetsFinancial liabilities
Commodity options3.5 PCT Barges FOB RotterdamIII ’2017 – X 2017106460.4-
27.1.1 Sensitivity analysis: market risk related to raw material and petroleum product price movements      
Below is presented an analysis of the sensitivity of the Group’s financial transactions to the risk of fluctuations in prices of raw materials and petroleum products as at December 31st 2017 and 2016, assuming price increase/decrease corresponding to the implied annual volatility of the underlying index:
 
December 31st 2017December 31st 2016
Carrying amountChange*Carrying amountChange**
+implied volatility- implied volatility+implied volatility-implied volatility
Financial assets (1)34.737.3-37.359.175-72.9
Financial liabilities (1)3.84.3-4.318.44.6-4.6
Effect on profit/loss33-3370.4-68.3
(1) Total commodity swaps and options.
(1) Total commodity swaps and options.

* With respect to instruments held as at December 31st 2017, the above deviations of underlying index prices were calculated based on the implied annual volatility of the underlying index for December 31st 2017, as published by SuperDerivatives. The volatility was +/- 27.39% for the 3.5 PCT Barges FOB Rotterdam index and +/- 21.23% for the Gasoil 0.1 pct Crg CIF NWE_ARA index.

** With respect to instruments held as at December 31st 2016, the above deviations of underlying index prices were calculated based on the implied annual volatility of the underlying index for December 31st 2016, as published on the SuperDerivatives website. The volatility was +/- 34.85% for the 3.5 PCT Barges FOB Rotterdam index, +/- 27.44% for the Gasoil 0.1 pct Crg CIF NWE_ARA index, and +/- 29.18% for the Brent (Dtd) index.

27.2 Risk related to prices of carbon dioxide (CO2) emission allowances         
Number of free CO2 emission allowances for 2013–2020 and actual CO2 emissions:
in million tonnes20132014201520162017201820192020Total
Allowances allocated under the National Allocation Plan(1)1.81.71.61.61.61.51.51.512.8
Actual CO2 emissions (2)1.71.91.921.8---9.3
Open CO2 allowances contracts as at December 31st 2017:
Type of contractContract settlement periodContract volume (in tonnes)PhaseFair value measurement
Financial assetsFinancial liabilities
EUA FuturesXII 2018 - XII 20201554000III phase8.7-0.1
 
Open CO2 allowances contracts as at December 31st 2016:
Type of contractContract settlement periodContract volume (in tonnes)PhaseFair value measurement
Financial assetsFinancial liabilities
EUA FuturesXII 2017 - XII 20191752000III phase5.6-5.3
(1) Number of free CO2 allowances in 2013–2020 as per the National Allocation Plan (NAP), based on the Regulation of the Polish Council of Ministers of March 31st 2014 (Dz.U. of 2014, item 439) and the Regulation of the Polish Council of Ministers of April 8th 2014 (Dz.U. of 2014, item 472), containing a list of installations covered by the greenhouse gas emission allowance trading scheme along with the number of allowances allocated to them. The figures also account for additional free emission allowances from the European Commission reserve, allocated in connection with the expansion of the refinery’s production capacities following from the use of natural gas in hydrogen production.

(2) CO2 emissions, calculated based on the production data for the installations covered by the emissions trading scheme. The data for 2017 was verified in accordance with Art. 59 of the Act on Trading in Greenhouse Gas Emission Allowances of April 28th 2011.

*Off-balance-sheet value, used exclusively for statistical purposes and as part of monitoring in risk management.

27.3 Currency risk      
Open currency contracts as at December 31st 2017:
Type of contractPurchase/saleContract settlement periodCurrency pair (base/quote)Amount in base currency (million)Fair value measurement
Financial assetsFinancial liabilities
Currency spotPurchaseI ’2018USD/PLN54--0.6
Currency spotPurchaseI ’2018EUR/PLN0.1--
Currency forwardPurchaseI ’2018USD/PLN124--8.3
Currency forwardPurchaseI-III ’2018EUR/PLN10--0.6
Currency forwardPurchaseI – VI ‘2018EUR/USD25.85.8-
Currency forwardSales VI-X ’2018USD/PLN-606.2-
Currency forwardSales III ’2018EUR/PLN-101.1-
Currency swapPurchaseI-VI ’2018USD/PLN162.6--38.3
Currency swapPurchaseI ‘2018EUR/USD14.31.1-
Currency swapSales I-X ’2018USD/PLN-565.7106.3-
Total120.5-47.8
Open currency contracts as at December 31st 2016:
Type of contractPurchase/saleContract settlement periodCurrency pair (base/quote)Amount in base currency (million)Fair value measurement
Financial assetsFinancial liabilities
Currency forwardPurchaseI -III 2017USD/PLN538.6-0.6
Currency forwardPurchaseI 2017 -VI ’2018EUR/USD215.2--27.7
Currency forwardSales IV - X 2017USD/PLN-230--73.3
Currency forwardSales I 2017EUR/PLN-4.60.1-
Currency swapPurchaseXII 2017USD/PLN7026.2-
Currency swapPurchaseI 2017EUR/USD20.1-
Currency swapSales I - XII 2017USD/PLN-267.13-33.2
Currency swapSales I – VII 2017EUR/PLN-19.10.1-0.9
Total38.1-135.7
27.3.1 Sensitivity analysis: market risk related to currency exchange movements       
Currency structure of selected financial instruments as at December 31st 2017
December 31st 2017NotemUSDmEURCarrying amount in foreign currency translated into PLN
USDtranslatedEURtranslated
into PLNinto PLN
Classes of financial instruments
Financial assets
Trade receivables88.4307.94.318.3326.2
Cash and cash equivalents271.1868.423.1102970.4
Other financial assets:182.4634.64.720654.6
Loans advanced to related entities157546.34.719.8566.1
Deposits8.329--29
Security deposit (margin)---0.20.2
Cash for removal of the MOPU from the YME field1515.955.1--55.1
Other1.24.2--4.2
Total541.91810.932.1140.31951.2
Financial liabilities
Borrowings1201.14116.2--4116.2
Notes59205.4--205.4
Finance lease liabilities--10.744.544.5
Trade payables 485.31689.35.321.91711.2
Other financial liabilities4.515.66.426.542.1
Total1749.96026.522.492.96119.4
Currency structure of selected financial instruments as at December 31st 2016
December 31st 2016NotemUSDmEURCarrying amount in foreign currency translated into PLN
USDtranslatedEURtranslated
into PLNinto PLN
Classes of financial instruments
Financial assets
Trade receivables87363.55.122.7386.2
Cash and cash equivalents1354.210.647.1101.3
Notes85.5357.5--357.5
Other financial assets:178.9749.49.240.4789.8
Loans advanced to related entities152.7639.54.720.6660.1
Deposits7.631.6--31.6
Security deposit (margin)--4.519.819.8
Cash for removal of the MOPU from the YME field1517.975.3--75.3
Other0.73--3
Total364.41524.624.9110.21634.8
Financial liabilities
Borrowings1284.75325.1--5325.1
Notes136.5572--572
Finance lease liabilities--13.559.659.6
Trade payables 281.4117612.957.11233.1
Other financial liabilities4.719.717.878.898.5
Total1707.37092.844.2195.57288.3
Analysis of the sensitivity to currency risk as at December 31st 2017, showing the effect of a +/- 9.087% change in the USD/PLN exchange rate and a +/- 5.950% change in the EUR/PLN exchange rate on net profit or loss
December 31st 2017Effect of exchange rate increase/decrease on net profit/loss for the year in 2017
+9,087%+5,950%-0.09087-0.0595
USDEURUSDEUR
Classes of financial instruments
Financial assets
Derivative financial instruments-206.76.7206.7-6.7
Trade receivables281.1-28-1.1
Cash and cash equivalents78.96.1-78.9-6.1
Other financial assets:57.61.2-57.6-1.2
Loans advanced to related entities49.61.2-49.6-1.2
Deposits2.6--2.6-
Cash for removal of the 5--5-
MOPU from the YME field
Other0.4--0.4-
Total financial assets-42.215.142.2-15.1
Financial liabilities
Borrowings157.2-1--157.2-1-
Notes18.7--18.7-
Finance lease liabilities-2.6--2.6
Derivative financial instruments95.52.5-95.5-2.5
Trade payables 153.51.3-153.5-1.3
Other financial liabilities1.41.6-1.4-1.6
Total financial liabilities426.38-426.3-8
Total-468.57.1468.5-7.1
(1)The calculation of the effect of an exchange rate movement on the balance-sheet item takes into account the effect of cash flow hedge accounting. Assuming a 9.087% change of the USD/PLN exchange rate, the effect of cash flow hedge accounting would potentially lead to a change of PLN (219.4)m/PLN 219.4m in the fair value of borrowings. Furthermore, the calculation takes into account the effect of paid upfront arrangement fees (measured at the exchange rate effective on the payment date), reducing financial liabilities under borrowings, which would potentially result in a change of PLN 2.6m/PLN (2.6)m in the fair value of borrowings, assuming a +/- 9.087% change of the USD/PLN exchange rate.
Analysis of the sensitivity to currency risk as at December 31st 2016, showing the effect of a +/- 12.9% change in the USD/PLN exchange rate and a +/- 7.375% change in the EUR/PLN exchange rate on net profit or loss
December 31st 2016Effect of exchange rate increase/decrease on net profit/loss for the year in 2016
+12,9%+7,375%-0.129-0.07375
USDEURUSDEUR
Classes of financial instruments
Financial assets
Derivative financial instruments15.8-1.7-15.41.7
Trade receivables46.91.7-46.9-1.7
Cash and cash equivalents6.93.5-6.9-3.5
Notes46.1--46.1-
Other financial assets:96.73-96.7-3
Loans advanced to related entities82.51.5-82.5-1.5
Deposits4.1--4.1-
Security deposits (margins)-1.5--1.5
Cash for removal of the 9.7--9.7-
MOPU from the YME field
Other0.4--0.4-
Total financial assets212.46.5-212-6.5
Financial liabilities
Borrowings202.2-1--202.2-1-
Notes73.8--73.8-
Finance lease liabilities-4.4--4.4
Derivative financial instruments345.8-65.1-345.865.1
Trade payables 151.74.2-151.7-4.2
Other financial liabilities2.55.8-2.5-5.8
Total financial liabilities776-50.7-77650.7
Total-563.657.2564-57.2
(1)The calculation of the effect of an exchange rate movement on the balance-sheet item takes into account the effect of cash flow hedge accounting. Assuming a 12.9% change of the USD/PLN exchange rate, the effect of cash flow hedge accounting would potentially lead to a change of PLN (489.5)m/PLN 489.5m in the fair value of borrowings. Furthermore, the calculation takes into account the effect of paid upfront arrangement fees (measured at the exchange rate effective on the payment date), reducing financial liabilities under borrowings, which would potentially result in a change of PLN 4.8m/PLN (4.8)m in the fair value of borrowings, assuming a 12.9% change of the USD/PLN exchange rate.
27.4 Interest rate risk      
Open interest rate contracts as at December 31st 2017:
Type of contractPeriodNotional amount (USD million)Company receivesFinancial assetsFinancial liabilities
Interest rate swap (IRS)VII 2011 - VI 2019207.5LIBOR 6M0.1-19.8
Interest rate swap (IRS)I 2015 - XII 2021494LIBOR 3M9.2-8
Total9.3-27.8
Open interest rate contracts as at December 31st 2016:
Type of contractPeriodNotional amount (USD million)Company receivesFinancial assetsFinancial liabilities
Interest rate swap (IRS)VII 2011 - VI 2019212.5LIBOR 6M0.1-43.7
Interest rate swap (IRS)I 2015 - XII 2021494LIBOR 3M3.6-11.4
Total3.7-55.1
27.4.1 Sensitivity analysis: market risk related to interest rate movements      
Analysis of the Group’s sensitivity to interest rate risk as at December 31st 2017, assuming a +/- 0.30% change in interest rates
December 31st 2017NoteCarrying amountChange
+0,30%-0.003
Classes of financial instruments
Financial assets
Derivative financial instruments (2)239.37.3-7.4
Cash and cash equivalents171920.75.8-5.8
Other financial assets:334.11-1
Oil and Gas Extraction Facility Decommissioning Fund1534.10.1-0.1
Deposits15370.1-0.1
Security deposits (margins)15---
Cash pledged as security for contractual obligations related to future asset decommissioning15207.90.6-0.6
Cash for removal of the MOPU from the YME field1555.10.2-0.2
Total2264.114.1-14.2
Financial liabilities
Bank borrowings22.1390310-1-10-1
Non-bank borrowings22.268.30.2-0.2
Notes22.33130.9-0.9
Finance lease liabilities22.4141.60.4-0.4
Derivative financial instruments (2)2327.8-0.90.9
Total4453.710.6-10.6
Analysis of the Company’s sensitivity to interest rate risk as at December 31st 2016, assuming a +/- 0.35% change in interest rates
December 31st 2016NoteCarrying amountChange
+0,35%-0.0035
Classes of financial instruments
Financial assets
Derivative financial instruments (2)233.72.7-2.7
Cash and cash equivalents17744.62.6-2.6
Other financial assets:509.31.8-1.8
Oil and Gas Extraction Facility Decommissioning Fund1533.20.1-0.1
Deposits15189.20.7-0.7
Security deposits (margins)1519.6--
Cash pledged as security for contractual obligations related to future asset decommissioning151920.7-0.7
Cash for removal of the MOPU from the YME field1575.30.3-0.3
Total1257.67.1-7.1
Financial liabilities
Bank borrowings22.15082.914.5-1-14.5-1
Non-bank borrowings22.281.80.3-0.3
Notes22.32130.7-0.7
Finance lease liabilities22.4179.50.6-0.6
Derivative financial instruments (2)2355.1-15.215.4
Total5612.30.9-0.7
(1) Net of fixed-rate borrowings and paid arrangement fees reducing liabilities under borrowings.

(2) Interest rate swap (IRS). The difference between the change in the valuation amount, when the interest rate curve moves up or down 0.30% arises at the time of calculating and discounting future cash flows (relating to the contract settlement) as at the valuation date. The cash flows are discounted at different interest rates (in the first case the interest rate curve movement increases the interest rate by 0.30%, in the second case reduces the interest rate by 0.30%).

27.5 Liquidity risk        
Contractual maturities of financial liabilities:
December 31st 2017NoteCarrying amountContractual cash flowsUp to 6 months6 - months 12th1–2 years2–5 yearsOver 5 years
Bank borrowings (other than overdraft facilities)22.13902.9462489.81164.4906.51968.4494.9
Overdraft facilities22.10.10.10.1----
Non-bank borrowings22.268.369.46.558.10.92.21.7
Notes22.3313306.1306.1----
Finance lease liabilities22.4141.617928.728.753.268.4-
Trade payables 252201.72201.72196.55.2---
Other financial liabilities252222221887.43.37.815.5
Total6849.67602.32815.71263.8963.92046.8512.1
December 31st 2016
Bank borrowings (other than overdraft facilities)22.15069.16167.7-305.51108.1790.33641.1933.7
Overdraft facilities22.113.813.813.8----
Non-bank borrowings22.281.883.26.36.511.9562.5
Notes22.3213213.179.8133.3---
Finance lease liabilities22.4179.5235.828.82956.71174.3
Trade payables 251718.21718.21718.2----
Other financial liabilities25246.8246.82212.39.27.37
Total7522.28678.61762.41279.2868.13821.4947.5
Contractual maturities of derivative financial instruments:
December 31st 2017Note*Carrying amountContractual cash flowsUp to 6 months6 - months 12th1–2 years2–5 yearsOver 5 years
Commodity swap2330.931.310.620.10.6--
Currency forward and spot contracts3.63.7-0.44.1---
Interest rate swap (IRS)-18.5-18.6-21.57.1-5.91.7-
Currency swap69.169.162.93.23--
Total85.185.551.634.5-2.31.7-
December 31st 2016
Commodity swap2340.340.8-0.425.915.3--
Commodity options0.40.4-0.4--
Currency forward and spot contracts-92.9-93.5-52.2-38.5-2.8--
Interest rate swap (IRS)-51.4-51.8-30.53.8-19.4-5.7-
Currency swap-4.7-4.5-23.919.4---
Total-108.3-108.6-10711-6.9-5.7-
*Carrying amount (fair value gains on derivative financial instruments plus fair value losses on derivative financial instruments) represents the fair value of derivative financial instruments disclosed in the statement of financial position (excluding CO2 emission allowance futures purchased with the intention of settlement through physical delivery).
27.6 Credit risk   
Maximum credit risk exposure of financial assetsNoteDecember 31st 2017December 31st 2016
Derivative financial instruments23164.5100.9
Trade receivables1526772251.7
Cash and cash equivalents171920.7744.6
Other financial assets15459.6624.8
Total5221.83722
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